Bibliography

To enable easier searching, below is a list of the literature referenced on the lecture slides and in the reading list, along with further sources relevant to the module.

Abebe, Daniel, and Tom Ginsburg. 2019. “The Dejudicialization of International Politics?” International Studies Quarterly 63 (3): 521–30. https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqz032.

Acheampong, Joseph Ofori, and Damon M. Cann. 2025. “Assessing Public Trust in Ghana’s Courts.” Journal of Law and Courts 13 (1): 184–94. https://doi.org/10.1017/jlc.2024.24.

Alter, Karen J., and Jeannette Vargas. 2000. “Explaining Variation in the Use of European Litigation Strategies: European Community Law and British Gender Equality Policy.” Comparative Political Studies 33 (4): 452–82. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414000033004002.

Anwar, Shamena, Patrick Bayer, and Randi Hjalmarsson. 2012. “The Impact of Jury Race in Criminal Trials.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 127 (2): 1017–55. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjs014.

Anwar, Shamena, Patrick Bayer, and Randi Hjalmarsson. 2019. “Politics in the Courtroom: Political Ideology and Jury Decision Making.” Journal of the European Economic Association 17 (3): 834–75. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvy013.

Arrington, Nancy, Leeann Bass, Adam Glynn, Jeffrey K. Staton, Brian Delgado, and Staffan I. Lindberg. 2021. “Constitutional Reform and the Gender Diversification of Peak Courts.” American Political Science Review 115 (3): 851–68. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055421000071.

Arzheimer, Kai. 2024. “Identification with an Anti-System Party Undermines Diffuse Political Support: The Case of Alternative for Germany and Trust in the Federal Constitutional Court.” Party Politics, 13540688241237493. https://doi.org/10.1177/13540688241237493.

Ash, Elliott, Sam Asher, Aditi Bhowmick, et al. 2025. “In-Group Bias in the Indian Judiciary: Evidence from 5 Million Criminal Cases.” The Review of Economics and Statistics, 1–45. https://doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_01569.

Ash, Elliott, Daniel L. Chen, and Suresh Naidu. 2026. “Ideas Have Consequences: The Impact of Law and Economics on American Justice.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 141 (1): 845–87. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjaf042.

Ash, Elliott, Daniel L. Chen, and Arianna Ornaghi. 2024. “Gender Attitudes in the Judiciary: Evidence from US Circuit Courts.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 16 (1): 314–50. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20210435.

Ash, Elliott, and W. Bentley MacLeod. 2015. “Intrinsic Motivation in Public Service: Theory and Evidence from State Supreme Courts.” The Journal of Law and Economics 58 (4): 863–913. http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/684293.

Ash, Elliott, and Michael Poyker. 2024. “Conservative News Media and Criminal Justice: Evidence from Exposure to the Fox News Channel.” The Economic Journal 134 (660): 1331–55. https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/uead108.

Aydin-Cakir, Aylin, and Amanda Driscoll. 2025. “On Motives and Means: How Approach and Justification for Court-Curbing Impact Public Trust.” Democratization 32 (4): 938–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2024.2428271.

Badas, Alex, Bailey K. Sanders, and Katelyn E. Stauffer. 2024. “The Role of Judge Gender and Ideology in Hiring Female Law Clerks.” Journal of Law and Courts, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1017/jlc.2024.8.

Bafumi, Joseph, Andrew Gelman, David K. Park, and Noah Kaplan. 2005. “Practical Issues in Implementing and Understanding Bayesian Ideal Point Estimation.” Political Analysis 13 (2): 171–87. https://doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpi010.

Bailey, Christine M., Paul M. Collins, Jesse H. Rhodes, and Douglas Rice. 2025. “The Effect of Judicial Decisions on Issue Salience and Legal Consciousness in Media Serving the LGBTQ+ Community.” American Political Science Review 119 (1): 108–23. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055424000030.

Bailey, Michael A., Brian Kamoie, and Forrest Maltzman. 2005. “Signals from the Tenth Justice: The Political Role of the Solicitor General in Supreme Court Decision Making.” American Journal of Political Science 49 (1): 72–85. https://doi.org/10.2307/3647714.

Bartels, Brandon L., Jeremy Horowitz, and Eric Kramon. 2023. “Can Democratic Principles Protect High Courts from Partisan Backlash? Public Reactions to the Kenyan Supreme Court’s Role in the 2017 Election Crisis.” American Journal of Political Science 67 (3): 790–807. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12666.

Bartels, Brandon L., and Christopher D. Johnston. 2013. “On the Ideological Foundations of Supreme Court Legitimacy in the American Public.” American Journal of Political Science 57 (1): 184–99. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00616.x.

Bartels, Brandon L., and Christopher D. Johnston. 2020. Curbing the Court: Why the Public Constrains Judicial Independence. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316979754.

Bartels, Brandon L., and Eric Kramon. 2020. “Does Public Support for Judicial Power Depend on Who Is in Political Power? Testing a Theory of Partisan Alignment in Africa.” American Political Science Review 114 (1): 144–63. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055419000704.

Beim, Deborah. 2017. “Learning in the Judicial Hierarchy.” The Journal of Politics 79 (2): 591–604. https://doi.org/10.1086/688442.

Beim, Deborah, Tom S. Clark, and Benjamin E. Lauderdale. 2021. “Republican-Majority Appellate Panels Increase Execution Rates for Capital Defendants.” The Journal of Politics 83 (3): 1163–67. https://doi.org/10.1086/710969.

Beim, Deborah, Alexander V. Hirsch, and Jonathan P. Kastellec. 2014. “Whistleblowing and Compliance in the Judicial Hierarchy.” American Journal of Political Science 58 (4): 904918. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ajps.12108/full.

Besley, Timothy, and Abigail Payne. 2013. “Implementation of Anti-Discrimination Policy: Does Judicial Selection Matter?” American Law and Economics Review 15 (1): 212–51. https://doi.org/10.1093/aler/aht003.

Bhuller, Manudeep, Gordon B. Dahl, Katrine V. Løken, and Magne Mogstad. 2020. “Incarceration, Recidivism, and Employment.” Journal of Political Economy 128 (4): 1269–324. https://doi.org/10.1086/705330.

Bhuller, Manudeep, and Henrik Sigstad. 2025. “Feedback and Learning: The Causal Effects of Reversals on Judicial Decision-Making.” The Review of Economic Studies 92 (4): 2359–97. https://doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdae073.

Billings, Stephen B., Noah Braun, Daniel B. Jones, and Ying Shi. 2024. “Disparate Racial Impacts of Shelby County v. Holder on Voter Turnout.” Journal of Public Economics 230: 105047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2023.105047.

Bindler, Anna, and Randi Hjalmarsson. 2019. “Path Dependency in Jury Decision Making.” Journal of the European Economic Association 17 (6): 1971–2017. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvy046.

Bindler, Anna, and Randi Hjalmarsson. 2020. “The Persistence of the Criminal Justice Gender Gap: Evidence from 200 Years of Judicial Decisions.” The Journal of Law and Economics 63 (2): 297–339. https://doi.org/10.1086/707482.

Bishin, Benjamin G., Thomas J. Hayes, Matthew B. Incantalupo, and Charles Anthony Smith. 2016. “Opinion Backlash and Public Attitudes: Are Political Advances in Gay Rights Counterproductive?” American Journal of Political Science 60 (3): 625–48. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12181.

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Bonica, Adam, and Maya Sen. 2021. “Estimating Judicial Ideology.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 35 (1): 97–118. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.35.1.97.

Botero, Sandra, Daniel Brinks, and Ezequiel Gonzalez-Ocantos. 2022. The Limits of Judicialization: From Progress to Backlash in Latin America. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009093859.

Bouwen, Pieter, and Margaret McCown. 2007. “Lobbying Versus Litigation: Political and Legal Strategies of Interest Representation in the European Union.” Journal of European Public Policy 14 (3): 422–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760701243798.

Boyd, Christina L., Lee Epstein, and Andrew D. Martin. 2010. “Untangling the Causal Effects of Sex on Judging.” American Journal of Political Science 54 (2): 389–411. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00437.x.

Bracic, Ana, Mackenzie Israel-Trummel, Tyler Johnson, and Kathleen Tipler. 2023. ““Because He Is Gay”: How Race, Gender, and Sexuality Shape Perceptions of Judicial Fairness.” The Journal of Politics, ahead of print. https://doi.org/10.1086/723996.

Braman, Eileen, and Thomas E. Nelson. 2007. “Mechanism of Motivated Reasoning? Analogical Perception in Discrimination Disputes.” American Journal of Political Science 51 (4): 940–56. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00290.x.

Brett, Peter. 2023. “The New Politics of Judicial Appointments in Southern Africa.” Law & Social Inquiry 48 (4): 1334–64. https://doi.org/10.1017/lsi.2022.47.

Brinks, Daniel M., and Varun Gauri. 2014. “The Law’s Majestic Equality? The Distributive Impact of Judicializing Social and Economic Rights.” Perspectives on Politics 12 (2): 375–93. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592714000887.

Broscheid, Andreas. 2011. “Comparing Circuits: Are Some u.s. Courts of Appeals More Liberal or Conservative Than Others?” Law & Society Review 45 (1): 171–94. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5893.2011.00431.x.

Bugarič, Bojan, and Tom Ginsburg. 2016. “The Assault on Postcommunist Courts.” Journal of Democracy 27 (3): 69–82. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2016.0047.

Caldeira, Gregory A., and James L. Gibson. 1992. “The Etiology of Public Support for the Supreme Court.” American Journal of Political Science 36 (3): 635–64. https://doi.org/10.2307/2111585.

Cameron, Charles M., and Jee-Kwang Park. 2009. “How Will They Vote? Predicting the Future Behavior of Supreme Court Nominees, 1937-2006.” Journal of Empirical Legal Studies 6 (3): 485–511. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-1461.2009.01151.x.

Cameron, Charles M., Jeffrey A. Segal, and Donald Songer. 2000. “Strategic Auditing in a Political Hierarchy: An Informational Model of the Supreme Court’s Certiorari Decisions.” American Political Science Review 94 (1): 101116. https://doi.org/10.2307/2586383.

Cao, Guangyu, Chenran Liu, and Li-An Zhou. 2023. “Suing the Government Under Weak Rule of Law: Evidence from Administrative Litigation Reform in China.” Journal of Public Economics 222: 104895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2023.104895.

Carrubba, Clifford James. 2009. “A Model of the Endogenous Development of Judicial Institutions in Federal and International Systems.” The Journal of Politics 71 (1): 55–69. https://doi.org/10.1017/S002238160809004X.

Carrubba, Clifford J., and Tom S. Clark. 2012. “Rule Creation in a Political Hierarchy.” American Political Science Review 106 (3): 622–43. https://doi.org/10.1017/S000305541200024X.

Carrubba, Clifford J., and Christopher Zorn. 2010. “Executive Discretion, Judicial Decision Making, and Separation of Powers in the United States.” The Journal of Politics 72 (3): 812–24. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022381610000186.

Carugati, Federica, Gillian K. Hadfield, and Barry R. Weingast. 2015. “Building Legal Order in Ancient Athens.” Journal of Legal Analysis 7 (2): 291–324. https://doi.org/10.1093/jla/lav003.

Casas, Agustin, Federico Curci, and Antoni-Italo De Moragas. 2024. “Judicial Decisions, Backlash and Secessionism: The Spanish Constitutional Court and Catalonia.” The Economic Journal 134 (664): 3202–31. https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueae041.

Casillas, Christopher J., Peter K. Enns, and Patrick C. Wohlfarth. 2011. “How Public Opinion Constrains the U.S. Supreme Court.” American Journal of Political Science 55 (1): 74–88. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00485.x.

Castillo-Ortiz, Pablo. 2019. “The Illiberal Abuse of Constitutional Courts in Europe.” European Constitutional Law Review 15 (1): 48–72. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1574019619000026.

Castillo-Ortiz, Pablo, and Rosa M. Navarrete. 2026. “Citizens’ Trust in Constitutional Courts: Evidence from Spain.” European Political Science Review 18 (2): 317–31. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755773925100180.

Chandler, Adam D. 2011. “The Solicitor General of the United States: Tenth Justice or Zealous Advocate?” The Yale Law Journal 121 (3): 725–37. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23079405.

Chemin, Matthieu. 2020. “Judicial Efficiency and Firm Productivity: Evidence from a World Database of Judicial Reforms.” The Review of Economics and Statistics 102 (1): 49–64. https://doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_00799.

Chemin, Matthieu. 2021. “Can Judiciaries Constrain Executive Power? Evidence from Judicial Reforms.” Journal of Public Economics 199: 104428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2021.104428.

Chen, Daniel L., and Arnaud Philippe. 2023. “Clash of Norms: Judicial Leniency on Defendant Birthdays.” Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 211: 324–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2023.05.002.

Cheruvu, Sivaram, Jay N. Krehbiel, and Samantha Mussell. 2025. “Partisanship, Pragmatism, or Idealism? Evaluating Public Support for Backlashes Against International Courts in Backsliding Democracies.” Journal of European Public Policy. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13501763.2024.2351921.

Choi, Donghyun Danny, J. Andrew Harris, and Fiona Shen-Bayh. 2022. “Ethnic Bias in Judicial Decision Making: Evidence from Criminal Appeals in Kenya.” American Political Science Review 116 (3): 1067–80. https://doi.org/10.1017/S000305542100143X.

Claassen, Christopher. 2019. “Estimating Smooth Country–Year Panels of Public Opinion.” Political Analysis 27 (1): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1017/pan.2018.32.

Clark, Tom S. 2009. “The Separation of Powers, Court Curbing, and Judicial Legitimacy.” American Journal of Political Science 53 (4): 971–89. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00411.x.

Clark, Tom S., Benjamin G. Engst, and Jeffrey K. Staton. 2018. “Estimating the Effect of Leisure on Judicial Performance.” The Journal of Legal Studies 47 (2): 349–90. https://doi.org/10.1086/699150.

Coglianese, Cary. 1996. “Litigating Within Relationships: Disputes and Disturbance in the Regulatory Process.” Law & Society Review 30 (4): 735–65. https://doi.org/10.2307/3054116.

Cohen, Harlan, and Ryan Powers. 2024. “Judicialization and Public Support for Compliance with International Commitments.” International Studies Quarterly 68 (3): sqae078. https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqae078.

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Cross, Frank B., and Emerson H. Tiller. 1998. “Judicial Partisanship and Obedience to Legal Doctrine: Whistleblowing on the Federal Courts of Appeals.” The Yale Law Journal 107 (7): 2155–76. https://doi.org/10.2307/797418.

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Deschler, John, and Maya Sen. 2024. “The Role of Judge Ideology in Strategic Retirements in u.s. Federal Courts.” Journal of Law & Empirical Analysis 1 (1): 98–117. https://doi.org/10.1177/2755323X241246849.

Dietrich, Bryce J., Ryan D. Enos, and Maya Sen. 2019. “Emotional Arousal Predicts Voting on the u.s. Supreme Court.” Political Analysis 27 (2): 237–43. https://doi.org/10.1017/pan.2018.47.

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Dyevre, Arthur. 2025. “Decision Making on the World Court: Are International Judges Geopolitically Biased?” Journal of Conflict Resolution 69 (10): 1661–86. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220027251326576.

Dyevre, Arthur, Nicolas Lampach, and Monika Glavina. 2022. “Chilling or Learning?: The Effect of Negative Feedback on Interjudicial Cooperation in Nonhierarchical Referral Regimes.” Journal of Law and Courts 10 (1): 87–112. https://doi.org/10.1086/714704.

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Gandur, Martín. 2025. “Trust in the Judiciary and Partisan Reactions to Judicial Checks: Evidence from Argentina.” British Journal of Political Science 55: e126. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123425100781.

Gandur, Martín, Taylor Kinsley Chewning, and Amanda Driscoll. 2025. “Awareness of Executive Interference and the Demand for Judicial Independence: Evidence from Four Constitutional Courts.” Journal of Law and Courts, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1017/jlc.2024.20.

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Gerzso, Thalia. 2023. “Judicial Resistance During Electoral Disputes: Evidence from Kenya.” Electoral Studies 85: 102653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2023.102653.

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Gibson, James L. 2025. “Do the Effects of Unpopular Supreme Court Rulings Linger? The Dobbs Decision Rescinding Abortion Rights.” American Political Science Review 119 (1): 500–507. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055424000169.

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Gibson, James L., Milton Lodge, and Benjamin Woodson. 2014. “Losing, but Accepting: Legitimacy, Positivity Theory, and the Symbols of Judicial Authority.” Law & Society Review 48 (4): 837–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/lasr.12104.

Gibson, James L., and Michael J. Nelson. 2017. “Reconsidering Positivity Theory: What Roles Do Politicization, Ideological Disagreement, and Legal Realism Play in Shaping U.S. Supreme Court Legitimacy?” Journal of Empirical Legal Studies 14 (3): 592–617. https://doi.org/10.1111/jels.12157.

Gibson, James L., and Michael J. Nelson. 2022. “Judging Inequality: State Supreme Courts and the Inequality Crisis.” Political Science Quarterly 137 (2): 263–92. https://doi.org/10.1002/polq.13318.

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